The ability to determine molecular binding is crucial in drug screening, biomarker detection, and understanding biological processes at the molecular level. Many methods for looking at binding kinetics, such as liquid chromatography, mass spectrometry, western blot, etc., are time consuming, cause protein fragmentation/denaturation and do not allow...

Antibiotic resistance has become a significant public health threat, causing billions of healthcare-related costs as well as 2 million hospitalizations and 23,000 deaths annually in the US alone. Clinical treatment of bacterial infections, especially in acute cases of sepsis, requires multiple steps, including antibiotic susceptibility testing (AST)....

Chemical sensors are useful in detecting many airborne chemicals for monitoring air quality, studying environmental health, and protecting people from harmful chemical exposures. Major efforts have been made to develop low cost and high performance chemical sensors. Electrochemical and metal oxide semiconductors are widely used airborne chemical sensors,...

Surface or interfacial impedance spectroscopy has been established as a powerful technique for many applications, ranging from electrochemistry and corrosion analysis to biochips and biosensors. Most applications utilize a single or an array of electrodes and an electrical instrument to perform impedance measurement and analysis, which does not have...

Colorimetry is a well-known and widely used sensing platform that detects a color change associated with a reaction between a target chemical and sensing materials. Colorimetric sensors are useful in many applications including sensing toxic chemicals in air as well as detecting biomarkers in breath, urine, blood and other types of body fluids. In multiplexed...

Nitric species such as nitric oxides are important environmental pollutants as well as key breath biomarkers of respiratory diseases. A chemical sensor that can quickly, selectively and sensitively detect these analytes will find applications not only in environmental monitoring, but also as a non-invasive medical diagnosis and management device. Current...

Proteins play a prominent role in most cellular functions and many biological processes. They are also important as potential therapeutics, drug targets and biomarkers. The size or conformation and subsequent activity of proteins is regulated by both structure and electrostatic properties. Common techniques for measuring the electrostatic properties...

Detection, identification and quantification of molecular biomarkers, such as proteins, peptides, exosomes, hormones, neurotransmitters, metabolites and nucleic acids, are critical to disease diagnosis and progression monitoring. While there are multiple approaches to biomarker analyses, the most validated and well-established is ELISA. Although powerful,...

Diagnosing bacterial infections in an accurate and timely manner is critical for administering appropriate drugs and ensuring quality care. Typically, healthcare providers use a dipstick method for bacterial infection diagnosis which is simple and inexpensive, but also very inaccurate. Optical microscopy offers an alternative for identifying bacterial...

Measuring molecular interactions, reactions and conformational changes of molecules is an important component of molecular scale biomedical research, drug discovery and diagnostic applications. Current detection technologies fall into two categories, label-based and label-free technologies. Label-based approaches are end-point assays – they detect...