Many modern science and engineering applications, such as machine learning, hyperparameter optimization of neural networks, robotics, cyber-physical systems, etc., call for modeling techniques to model black-box functions. Gaussian Process (GP) modeling is a popular Bayesian non-parametric framework heavily employed to model expensive black-box functions...

Shake tables provide a critical tool for simulating earthquake events and testing the response of structures to seismic forces. Simulated earthquake conditions can help civil engineers identify potential weaknesses in the design and suggest ways to improve a structure’s resilience. In a controlled laboratory setting, shake tables can also be...

Networks like those of healthcare infrastructure have been a primary target of cyberattacks for over a decade. From just a single cyberattack, a healthcare facility would expect to see millions of dollars in losses from legal fines, business interruption, and malpractice lawsuits. As more medical devices become interconnected, more cyber vulnerabilities...

Conventional methods used for reconstructing road traffic scenes often rely on fixed sensors and cameras entrenched within road infrastructure. However, these approaches grapple with substantial limitations in terms of scope, cost-efficiency, and safeguarding individual privacy. The need to fortify road safety, strengthen urban planning initiatives,...

­The escalation of civil aviation operations has led to the concept of the next generation air traffic management system (NextGen), which aims to efficiently and safely accommodate the growing air traffic flow within the U.S. airspace. Air Traffic Controller (ATC) workload is one of the main limitations to the capacity of the air traffic management...

Material fracture failure is a critical issue for many engineering structures and components. Accurate fracture prediction is necessary to ensure the safety of these structures and components. The finite element method (FEM) is a widely used approach for material mechanical modelling; however, FEM is known to have difficulties in solving problems...

Urban infrastructures are complex and vulnerable to cascading failures (e.g., a hurricane causing large-scale power outages). Understanding urban infrastructures, their relationships, and propensity for cascading failures is essential to preparing for future extreme events. Often seemingly innocuous failures trigger a catastrophic hazard as the initial...

Background Bismuth-containing III-V semiconductor alloys have received considerable attention as materials for optoelectronic devices operating in the mid- and long-wave infrared spectrum. The infrared spectrum finds important applications in both commerce and government, including medical imaging and diagnostics, autonomous vehicle sensors, telecommunications,...

Recent studies conclude that a strong correlation exists between the numbers of glomerular in the kidney and renal diseases. These findings generate great interest in accurately counting glomeruli. Traditionally, the glomerulus is counted using histological sections, which have several limitations. First, histology based counting relies on techniques...

Infrared photodetectors have a wide range of applications including medical imaging, thermal sensing, spectroscopy, and night vision. Currently, the best photodetectors on the market have an active absorption region made from Mercury Cadmium Telluride (MCT). Although MCT photodetectors maintain the strongest absorption over the greatest spectral range,...