Single-molecule techniques make it possible to digitally count even extremely rare biomarker molecules, providing greatly improved sensitivity for early disease detection. However, in standard setups, there is a necessary balance: if the concentration is too high, molecules overlap and become unreadable; if too low, there are not enough events for robust...

The incidence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), which includes Chron’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), is increasing globally, as is the healthcare burden, with studies showing it as one of the top 5 most expensive GI conditions. Early and accurate diagnosis is strongly associated with better patient outcomes. However, the common...

Neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s are affecting an increasing number, with annual new diagnoses approaching one-half million; and total cost, $150 billion. Early diagnosis and treatment are important for optimal outcomes, yet there is currently no test to detect such diseases in their early, asymptomatic stages. Active immuniza-tion...

Inhibitory neurotransmitters, such as y-aminobutyric acid (GABA), taurine, taurine analogs and β-alanine, have been associated with neurological disorders such as epilepsy, schizophrenia, dementia, autism, Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and more. Additionally, gut microbiome dysbiosis has also been linked to many neurological disorders, with modulations...

Diverse pathologies, especially related to early protein misfolding and aggregation, are observed in different neurodegenerative diseases. Some protein variants result in different proteinopathies that vary from patient to patient, highlighting a need for personalized diagnostic tests to enable accurate diagnoses. Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) refers...

Misfolding and aggregation of proteins, such as beta-amyloid (Aß), alpha-synuclein (a-syn), tau and TAR DNA-binding protein 43 (TDP-43), have been strongly correlated with early onset of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's Disease (AD), Parkinson's Disease (PD), Frontotemporal Dementia (FTD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and...

Misfolding and aggregation of proteins, such as beta-amyloid (Aß), alpha-synuclein (a-syn), tau and TAR DNA-binding protein 43 (TDP-43), have been strongly correlated with early onset of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's Disease (AD), Parkinson's Disease (PD), Frontotemporal Dementia (FTD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and...

Misfolding and aggregation of proteins, such as beta-amyloid (Aß), alpha-synuclein (a-syn), tau and TAR DNA-binding protein 43 (TDP-43), have been strongly correlated with early onset of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's Disease (AD), Parkinson's Disease (PD), Frontotemporal Dementia (FTD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and...

Noninvasive sampling is critical for certain patient populations, such as hemophiliacs, neonates, elderly or immunocompromised individuals, especially if they require daily monitoring. Blood sampling is painful, inconvenient and often difficult and increases the risk of exposure to infectious agents, which can be devastating to immunocompromised populations....

Protein misfolding plays a role in degenerative diseases, cancer evolution, synthetic biology, bioproducts, and more. Despite its importance in all of these fields, researchers often struggle to understand even the basic mechanisms of protein misfolding. For example, there is no tool to determine how much misfolding is happening inside of any given...